[Mr. F]

Sal!
Am creat acest subiect ca am nevoie de niste explicatii. Am gasit in subiectele mai vexh de pe forum, mesajul urmator:
"mai din inalbitor si naftalina nu ai cum sa faci motor racheta dar poti sa faci din inalbitor(hipoclorit) si sare fara sodiu(KCl) luata de la farmacie prin amestecare si fierbere in anumite conditii=clorat de potasiu pe care il poti folosi ca oxidant alaturi de zahar=motor racheta"
Vreau si eu sa-l incerc dar nu stiu care sunt conditiile speciale de fierbere a inalbitorului cu sarea.V-as fi recunoscator dak mi-ati da niste informatii.

[D3xt3r_Jr.]

motoarele cu clorat de potasiu shi zahar sunt nishte gunoaie, porcarii shi nu mai shtiu cum sa le spun deoarece lasa foarteeeee multe reziduri iar daca incerci sa il topeshti faci poc
un combustibil bun e urmatoaru 75%KNO3+35%zahar topite pe baie de ulei intre 170 shi 190 de grade celsius(masurat cu termometru) aka combustibil Nakka pt mai multe informatzii intra la www.nakka-rocketry.net

[Mr. F]

merci! Vad ca ai revenit in forta dupa mai mult timp de inactivitate

[Mr. F]

Dar totus!? Motoarele alea pot sa ridice o racheta?Sunt tare curios k de mult incerc sa gasesc retete pe baza de substante accesibile pentru toata lumea.

[D3xt3r_Jr.]

alea gen nakka au o forza uimitoare cat despre motoare cu substantze accesibile cam greu nu vreau sa te descurajez dar nu shtiu ce ar putea inlocui combustibilii conventzionali

[otonel]

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[otonel]

Thermal decomposition of hypochlorites
This is an alternative method of chlorate manufacture. It is more
laborous than the electrolytic method, and can only be used for small
batches at a time. The starting materials are quite easily available
however as bleach and pool chlorinating agents and it only requires
the use of simple tools.

3.1 Starting materials
Possible starting materials are sodium hypochlorite and calcium
hypochlorite. The former is available in solution as bleach and
antifungal spray for bathrooms. Calcium hypochlorite finds use as a
chlorinating agent for pools. However, different varieties exist.
Carefully read the package to make sure you have the right material.
It usually states a '85% available chlorine' content for calcium
hypochlorite. A higher available chlorine content may mean it is
something else, most likely trichlorohydrocyanuric acid.

3.2 Method
Depending on the starting material, sodium or calcium hypochlorite, a
different procedure must be followed. Each is described separately
below.

Procedure when using sodium hypochlorite
It is assumed bleach will be used, which is usually a 4% solution of
sodium hypochlorite in water. If a less or more concentrated solution
is used, adjust the amounts accordingly.

1. Take 1 liter of bleach, and place this in heat resistant glass or
stainless steel container. Bring it to a boil.

2. Boil the solution untill only about 140 ml of solution is left. The
exact volume is not critical, a deviation of 10 to 20 ml is
acceptable.

3. Allow the solution to cool. If crystals form upon cooling, filter
the solution after it has completely cooled. The crystals are sodium
chloride and can be discarded.

4. In a separate container, prepare a solution of potassium chloride.
Dissolve 28 grams of potassium chloride in the smallest volume of
water possible (about 80 ml). This can be done by dissolving the
potassium chloride in about 90 ml of boiling water, and allowing it to
cool. If crystals form, add some more water, boil again to dissolve
the potassium chloride, and allow to cool again. If crystals form,
repeat. If not, the solution is ready to use.

5. Mix the boiled bleach solution with the potassium chloride
solution. A white precipitate should form. This is potassium chlorate.

6. Bring the solution to a boil and add water untill all potassium
chlorate has dissolved.

7. Allow the solution to cool slowly. Crystals of potassium chlorate
will form. Cool the solution to 0 deg C.

8. Filter to obtain the raw potassium chlorate. Rinse the crystals in
the filter with ice-cold water. The product can be further purified as
described below.
Procedure when using calcium hypochlorite
warning: On one occasion an small explosion occured when I was doing
this preparation. I am not sure exactly what caused the explosion. It
seems to have been a steam explosion. I was also not sure wheter I was
using calcium hypochlorite or trichlorohydrocyanuric acid, another
common pool chlorinating agent. It seems to be very uncommon that
explosions happen and they can probably be prevented by vigorous
stirring, but I thought everyone attempting this method should know so
proper precautions can be taken. The procedure below has been
optimised to reduce the chances of an explosion happening.

1. Place 250 ml of water in a heat resistant glass or stainless steel
container, large enough to hold twice that volume.

2. Bring the water to a boil.

3. To the boiling water, add 125 gram of calcium hypochlorite in 10
gram portions. The calcium hypochlorite usually comes in tablets,
which need to be crushed first. Stir vigorously during this step,
occasionally scraping over the bottom to prevent the formation of a
cake of calcium chloride. The solution will foam a lot. If too much
foam is developed, do not add any more calcium hypochlorite and boil
untill the foam subsides. Then continue adding calcium hypochlorite.

4. When all calcium hypochlorite has been added, continue boiling
untill no more foaming is observed. Stir continuously.

5. Allow the solution to cool down, and filter to remove the
precipitated calcium chloride.

6. In a separate container, dissolve 68 grams of potassium chloride in
the smallest volume of water possible (approximately 195 ml). This can
be done by dissolving the potassium chloride in about 200 ml of water,
and allowing it to cool. If crystals form, add some more water, boil
again to dissolve the potassium chloride, and allow to cool again. If
crystals form, repeat. If not, the solution is ready to use.

7. Mix this solution with the boiled calcium hypochlorite solution. A
white precipitate of potassium chlorate should form.

8. Bring the solution to a boil and add water untill all potassium
chlorate has dissolved.

9. Allow the solution to cool slowly. Crystals of potassium chlorate
will form. Cool to 0 deg C.

10. Filter to obtain the raw potassium chlorate. Rinse the crystals in
the filter with ice-cold water. The product can be further purified as
described below.

3.3 Purifying the product
The product can be purified by recrystallisation, just like the
product of the electrolytic procedure. For convenience, the same
procedure is given again here:

1. Place the crude product in a pan and add 100 ml of water for every
20 g of crude product. Bring this to a boil.

2. Add 20 ml amounts of water to the boiling solution untill all the
potassium chlorate has dissolved.

3. Check the pH of the boiling solution. It should be neutral or
slightly alcaline. If it is acidic, add potassium hydroxide solution
untill it is slightly alcaline (pH 7..:lol: again. If this is not done,
traces of acid may be included in the product making it very dangerous
to use in pyrotechnic compositions.

4. Allow the solution to cool to room temperature. Potassium chlorate
will crystalise.

5. Filter and rinse the crystals well with ice cold water.

[D3xt3r_Jr.]

daca vrei sa incerci sa te sinuciza potzi incerca
dar te complici ce nu sa mai vazut
mergetzi mai pe azotat ca e mai bun